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Lawmakers haven’t adopted a single global template, but the direction is clear: new or higher charges tied to electricity use, the rollback of preferential power tax rates, and stricter grid-connection costs. In the U.S., the White House has repeatedly floated a 30% Digital Asset Mining Energy (DAME) excise tax on miners’ electricity; it has not been enacted. Outside the U.S.,…

The 10-second answer Bitcoin uses a UTXO model. Every transaction consumes one or more unspent outputs (inputs) and creates new outputs locked by scripts. Wallets pick UTXOs, build outputs (recipient + change), estimate a fee in sats/vB, sign, broadcast to the network’s mempool, and miners include it in a block when the fee is competitive. The moving pieces: inputs, outputs, and…

Bitcoin was conceived and published by the pseudonymous Satoshi Nakamoto in a whitepaper on October 31, 2008; the network itself started when Satoshi mined the “genesis block” on January 3, 2009; and the first public software (v0.1) arrived in early January 2009. Satoshi’s real-world identity remains unknown. A simple timeline of Bitcoin’s invention October 31, 2008: Satoshi posts the paper “Bitcoin:…

Why partnerships matter (and often fail) Partnerships can unlock customers, distribution, credibility, technology, and speed—but alliances are hard to execute. Classic studies and executive surveys find high under-performance or failure rates in alliances and joint ventures, which is why discipline around selection, governance, and measurement matters from day one. Step 1: Define the partnership thesis and value exchange Write a one-page thesis that…

Florida has a lot of lawsuits because everyday disputes scale with the state’s huge population and record tourism, and because insurance and consumer laws historically made it relatively attractive to sue (for example, one-way attorney fees and assignment-of-benefits arrangements). Hurricanes, auto no-fault rules, ADA website cases, and aggressive legal advertising added fuel. Since late 2022 and 2023, however, major reforms…

Hardware wallets can anchor an enterprise crypto program, but businesses rarely stop at a single USB device. The real gains come from extensions: policy engines with multi-approvals, smart-account modules and guards (e.g., Safe), enterprise connectors like MetaMask Institutional, and server-side HSM or MPC infrastructure for scale. Together they deliver tamper-resistant key storage, programmable controls, and auditable operations that satisfy risk…